Informazioni sul Messico (Fonte: CIA -- The World Factbook 1999) |
[Top] Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US Geographic coordinates: 23 00 N, 102 00 W Map references: North America Area: Areacomparative: slightly less than three times the size of Texas Land boundaries: Coastline: 9,330 km Maritime claims: Climate: varies from tropical to desert Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert Elevation extremes:
Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber Land use: Irrigated land: 61,000 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts Environmentcurrent issues: natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border Environmentinternational
agreements: Geographynote: strategic location on southern border of US |
[Top] Population: 100,294,036 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: Population growth rate: 1.73% (1999 est.) Birth rate: 24.99 births/1,000 population (1999 est.) Death rate: 4.83 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.) Net migration rate: -2.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.) Sex ratio: Infant mortality rate: 24.62 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.) Life expectancy at
birth: Total fertility rate: 2.85 children born/woman (1999 est.) Nationality: Ethnic groups: mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6% Languages: Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages Literacy: |
[Top] Country name: Data code: MX Government type: federal republic operating under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Administrative divisions: 31 states (estados, singularestado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas Independence: 16 September 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1810) Constitution: 5 February 1917 Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced) Executive branch:
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union
consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats;
half are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms,
and half are allocated on the basis of each party's
popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de
Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by
popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200
members are allocated on the basis of each party's
popular vote, also for three-year terms) Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate) Political parties and leaders: recognized partiesInstitutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Mariano PALACIOS Alocer]; National Action Party or PAN [Felipe CALDERON Hinojosa]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Andres Manuel LOPEZ Obrador]; Mexican Green Ecologist Party or PVEM [Jorge GONZALEZ Torres]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez] Political pressure groups and leaders: Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; Revolutionary Workers Party or PRT; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants or CROC; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers or CROM; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Union of Workers or UNT International organization participation: APEC, BCIE, BIS, Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G-3, G-6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Diplomatic
representation in the US: Diplomatic
representation from the US: Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band |
[Top] Economyoverview: Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. The number of state-owned enterprises in Mexico has fallen from more than 1,000 in 1982 to fewer than 200 in 1998. The ZEDILLO administration is privatizing and expanding competition in sea ports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity, natural gas distribution, and airports. A strong export sector helped to cushion the economy's decline in 1995 and led the recovery in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, private consumption became the leading driver of growth, which was accompanied by increased employment and higher wages. The government expects the economy to slow in 1999 because of low commodity prices, tighter international liquidity, and slacker demand for exports. Mexico still needs to overcome many structural problems as it strives to modernize its economy and raise living standards. Income distribution is very unequal, with the top 20% of income earners accounting for 55% of income. Trade with the US and Canada has nearly doubled since NAFTA was implemented in 1994. Mexico is pursuing additional trade agreements with most countries in Latin America and with the EU to lessen its dependence on the US. GDP: purchasing power parity$815.3 billion (1998 est.) GDPreal growth rate: 4.8% (1998 est.) GDPper capita: purchasing power parity$8,300 (1998 est.) GDPcomposition
by sector: Population below poverty line: 27% (1998 est.) Household income or
consumption by percentage share: Inflation rate (consumer prices): 18.6% (1998) Labor force: 37.5 million (1998) Labor forceby occupation: services 28.8%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 21.8%, commerce 17.1%, manufacturing 16.1%, construction 5.2%, public administration and national defense 4.4%, transportation and communications 4.1% Unemployment rate: 2.6% (1998) urban; plus considerable underemployment Budget: Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism Industrial production growth rate: 6% (1998 est.) Electricityproduction: 154.395 billion kWh (1996) Electricityproduction
by source: Electricityconsumption: 154.448 billion kWh (1996) Electricityexports: 1.263 billion kWh (1996) Electricityimports: 1.316 billion kWh (1996) Agricultureproducts: corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products Exports: $117.5 billion (f.o.b., 1998), includes in-bond industries (assembly plant operations with links to US companies) Exportscommodities: crude oil, oil products, coffee, silver, engines, motor vehicles, cotton, consumer electronics Exportspartners: US 87.5%, Canada 1.3%, Japan 0.8%, Spain 0.6%, Chile 0.6%, Brazil 0.5% (1998 est.) Imports: $111.5 billion (f.o.b., 1998), includes in-bond industries (assembly plant operations with links to US companies) Importscommodities: metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts Importspartners: US 74.2%, Japan 3.7%, Germany 3.7%, Canada 1.8%, South Korea 1.5%, Italy 1.3%, France 1.2% (1998 est.) Debtexternal: $154 billion (1997) Economic aidrecipient: $1.166 billion (1995) Currency: 1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos Exchange rates: Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$110.1104 (January 1999), 9.1360 (1998), 7.9141 (1997), 7.5994(1996), 6.4194 (1995), 3.3751 (1994) Fiscal year: calendar year |
[Top] Telephones: 11,890,868 (1993 est.) Telephone system:
highly developed system with extensive microwave radio
relay links; privatized in December 1990; opened to
competition January 1997 Radio broadcast stations: AM 824 (1999 est.), FM 500 (1998 est.), shortwave 19 (1999 est.) Radios: 22.5 million (1992 est.) Television broadcast stations: 236 (not including repeaters) (1997) Televisions: 13.1 million (1992 est.) |
[Top] Railways: Highways: Waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km Ports and harbors: Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz Merchant marine: Airports: 1,805 (1998 est.) Airportswith
paved runways: Airportswith
unpaved runways: Heliports: 1 (1998 est.) |
[Top] Military branches: National Defense Secretariat (includes Army and Air Force), Navy Secretariat (includes Naval Air and Marines) Military manpowermilitary age: 18 years of age Military manpoweravailability:
Military manpowerfit
for military service: Military manpowerreaching
military age annually: Military expendituresdollar figure: $6 billion (1998) Military expenditurespercent of GDP: 1.3% (1998) |
[Top] Disputesinternational: none Illicit drugs:
illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 19985,500
hectares; potential production60 metric tons) and
cannabis cultivation in 19984,600 hectares;
government eradication efforts have been key in keeping
illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and
marijuana to the US market; continues as the primary
transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South
America; involved in the production and distribution of
methamphetamines |
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