LA LLINGUA ASTURIANA

THE ASTURIAN LANGUAGE  
 
 

Versión n'asturiano

    La llingua asturiana ye la llingua de la mayor parte del Principáu d'Asturies (excepto la faza más occidental, a partir del ríu Navia, que ye de llingua gallega), un territoriu del norte de la Península Ibérica. Pertenez al grupu lingüísticu asturlleonés, del cualu formen parte dellos dialectos, anque l'asturiano tien consideranza d'idioma xunto col mirandés (cooficial en Miranda del Douro, dentro de la República Portuguesa); ente dambes les llingües, asturiano y mirandés, pue establecese una relación de codialectos, como acontez col gallego y el portugués.
    Esta vieya llingua deriva directamente del llatín, allugándose ente'l gallego pela manzorga y el castellano pela mandrecha, ensin qu'ello suponga que se trata d'un híbridu ente dambos. Más al contrariu, l'asturiano tien una so personalidá bien definida que lu fai tener el so llugar ente les llingües romániques ibériques.
    Los primeros textos redactaos n'asturiano remóntense a la Edá Media, ente los cualos cabe siñalar el Fueru d'Avilés. La literatura asturiana tien una llinia ininterrompida dende'l sieglu XVI, y que güei goza d'una perbona salú. Ye cierto que nos postreros cincuenta años los falantes asturianos foron abandonando pasu ente pasu la so llingua pola mor de la presión del español como llingua del Estau y única posible nes escueles. Inda güei, la presencia del asturiano na escuela ye perminoritaria. Les ciudaes son núcleos dende los que se favorez la castellanización, anque la conciencia social sobre la llingua autóctona mayoritaria d'Asturies ta medrando dende hai dellos años.
    Gracies a dicha concientización, xente mozo asume la llingua como herencia de los sos buelos y un tesoru que ye menester cudiar y caltener. Asturies nun ye una tierra onde la presencia d'emigrantes d'otres partes d'España tenga algamao índices altos, como pasa en Cataluña o el País Bascu, lo cualo pue favorecer que la población autóctono recupere la llingua.
    A diferencia d'otres comunidaes vecines, Asturies nun tien televisión propia que pudiere emitir n'asturiano. Hai programes de radio y mesmo un periódicu selmanal, pero la escasez de medios ye inda evidente.
    L'actual normalización del estándar lingüísticu asturianu ye del añu 1981. Nella tomóse el dialectu central como base d'esi estándar, por ser la fala mayoritaria y porque la mayor parte de la literatura asturiana ta fecha nesti dialectu, anque los contributos de los otros dialectos son almitíos.
    El panorama lingüístico d'Asturies ye perricu. Les dos llingües autóctones d'Asturies son l'asturiano y el gallego na faza ente los ríos Eo y Navia (d'ehí el so nome de Terra Eo-Navia, ente otros colos que se la conoz). L'asturiano ta dividío en trés grandes dialectos: asturiano occidental, asturiano central y asturiano oriental.
    Dende 1998 existe una llei de protección del asturiano, la cuala nun-y reconoz l'estatus de llingua. Ello ye abondo grave, dao que nun algama la cooficialidá n'Asturies. Poro, reconoz-y un ciertu emplegu públicu, anque ello nun abonda pa garantizar la sobrevivencia de la llingua nel futuru.

English version:

    The Asturian language is spoken in most of the Principality of Asturias (except in the western strip beyond river Navia, where Galician is spoken), a land in the North of the Iberian Peninsula. It belongs to the linguistic group, which is made up of several dialects, although Asturian must be considered aseparate language, together with Mirandese (co-official in Miranda del Douro, in the Portuguese Republic); both of these languages may be seen as co-dialects, as it the case with Galician and Portuguese.
    This old language derives directly from Latin and finds itself between Galician on the left and Spanish on the right; however, this does not mean that it is simply a hybrid of of these two languages. Rather,Asturian has a personality of this own that is well enough defined to allow it to take its place amongst the Ibero-Romance languages.
    The first texts written in Asturias can already be found in the Middle Ages, of which"Fuero d'Avilés" is one the most important. Modern Asturian literature has existed since the 16thcentury, at currently enjoys a healthy status. Nenetheless, Asturian speakers have been moving away from their language over the last fifty yeaes due to the presence of Spanish as the official language of the state and the only one which was spoken in schools (even today the presence of Asturian in education is scarce). It is from the cities and towns that the castilianization of the language is being carried out,although social awareness of the inigenous language has been growing in recent years.
    Thanks to thisnew-found awareness, young people now think of the language as a heritage which has been left to them by their ancestors, a treasure which must be cared for. In Asturias there is not a high number of immigrants from other parts of Spain,unlike in Catalonia and the Basque Country,and this factor should help native Asturian in the recovery of their language.
    Unlike neighbouring communities, Asturias does not have its own television channel to broadcast in Asturian. There are several radio programmes and even a weekly newspaper in Asturian, but clearly these are not enough. The present day standard language was created in 1981. The central dialect was taken as the basis for the unified language because it was the main one in terms of the number of speakers and also for literature(most Asturian literature was written in this dialect). However,contrubutions from the other dialects are also permitted. Asturias has a very rich linguistic panorama. The two indigenous languages of Asturias are Asturian and Galician in the region between the Eo and Navia rivers (that why this area is called Eo-Navia Land). Asturian is divided into three main dialects: Western Asturian, Central Asturian and Eastern Asturian. There has been a law in place since 1998 for the protection of Asturian, but which fails to recognise its status as a language. This is particularly worrying, as Asturian does not have the status of co-official language in Asturias. Although its public use is permitted, there are no guarantees of its future survival.