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AIRMANSHIP
Primavera 1999

Incidenti aerei del Gruppo Alitalia negli ultimi trent’anni

La maggior parte dei naviganti dell’ANPAN hanno vissuto anni dell’aviazione nazionale in cui sono avvenuti diversi incidenti.

Molti di quei naviganti hanno dato un contributo importantissimo al recupero di varie posizioni nella graduatoria della sicurezza riportando il trasporto aereo nazionale a livelli adeguati.

Con questo periodico on-line riproporremo ai piloti che sono oggi in attività le analisi dettagliate di quegli eventi con i loro fattori causali.

In questo primo numero vi presentiamo la descrizione sinottica di ognuno di questi incidenti.

Il commento sugli aspetti comuni evidenziato dalla nota in parentesi (CFIT, Overrun ecc) comparirà nella prossima edizione di airmanship on-line.

Nella prossima edizione presenteremo la sintesi di alcune importanti relazioni tecniche sulle analisi effetuate sul relitto del DC-9 Itavia che subì un inflight break up nel lontano giugno del 1981 nella zona di Ustica.

Queste relazioni non sono state mai adeguatamente diffuse dagli organi di informazione.

Forse perchè giungono a conclusioni scomode o forse perchè non se ne è compreso il valore scientifico.

Sono la relazione di Frank Taylor, del Cranfield Institute of Aeronautics (UK), e dell’Ing. Ermanno Bazzocchi, il padre di aerei famosi come l’MB-339 della PAN e dell’MB-326, sul quale diverse generazioni di piloti hanno imparato a volare.

Queste relazioni fanno parte di un libro bianco presentato ad un Convegno promosso dall’UGAI (Unione Giornalisti Aerospaziali Italiani) sulla Sicurezza del Volo il 12 ottobre 1998 presso il CNR.

Coloro che volessero altre notizie, informazioni o il testo completo delle relazioni peritali su questo incidente, possono accedere al sito: www.com-it.net/usticaforum

Il periodo che prendiamo in esame va dal 6-7-62,data dell’incidente del DC-8-43 in volo da Bangkok a Bombay,ai giorni nostri. Le sinossi degli incidenti sono riprese dall’elenco dell’AISL (Aviation Information Service Ltd) inglese. Mancano alcuni incidenti che pur classificabili come "accident" non hanno comportato la distruzione completa del velivolo,non hanno avuto particolare risonanza o di cui non sono stati resi disponibili i risultati delle indagini nei termini previsti dall’Annesso 13 ICAO.

 

date

aircraft

reg.

location

phase

fatalities

6.7.62

DC-8-43

I-DIWD

Poona, India

app

9 crew 85 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it flew into the summit of Mt.Davandyachi (3600ft) whilst positioning for a straight in approach to RWY 27 at Santa Cruz Airport,Bombay. The DC-8 had earlier been cleared to descend to 4000 ft. The accident happened at night and in IMC. The accident was attributed to a navigational error which led the pilot to believe that the flight was nearer the airfield than it actually was and commencing the descent prematurely whilst still over an area of high ground. (CFIT)

 

28.3.64

Viscount 785

I LAKE

Naples

app

5 crew 40 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it flew into the side of Mt. Vesuvius impacting at the 610 mt level,during a visual approach to Capodichino Airport,Naples. Last contact with the flight was when the pilot reported leaving 4000 ft on the downwind leg of the approach.The accidnt happened at night in conditions of scattered cloud with occasional heavy rain shower. The mountain was shrouded in cloud. (CFIT)

 

2.8.68

DC-8-43

I-DIWF

Malpensa

app

13 pax

Whilst attempting to carry out an ILS approach to RWY 35 to Malpensa, the aircraft apparently overflew the airport and continued the descent whilst flying down the back beam of the ILS localizer. The DC-8 impacted the ground some 11500 mt north of the airfield. Just prior to the impact the pilot had advised ATC that he was not sure of his position ,prior to this he had also required if the Glide Path was operating. The accident happened in daylight but in IMC.The probable cause of the accident was attributed to the crew's insufficient checking of elapsed flight times during the final portion of the approach after following non-standard procedure whilst initially positioning for the approach. (CFIT)

L'aereomobile aveva effettuato un 360° su quello che sembrava essere NOV NDB per perdere quota. Al momento imperversavano forti temporali nella zona con base delle nubi (8/8 Cb) al di sotto di 1000 ft.

 

2.8.69

Caravelle 6N

I-DABF

Marseilles

app

none

Following a faster than normal approach,50 kt.above the reference speed,the aircraft touched down a considerable distance down the runway. Attempt were made to slow the aircraft but without success and it overran the end of the runway into the water of Etang de Berre. (OVERRUN)

 

26.6.70

DC-8-43

I-DIWL

Damascus

cruise

none

Whilst en route from Theran to Beirut and flying at FL 310 some 40 miles from Damascus,Syria, the aircraft's port wing was struck by a missile. The impact of the missile tore a hole in the wing with sharpnel and debris from the explosion damaging the n.1 and n.2 engines and the tail. The pilot was able to keep control of the DC-8 and subsequently carried out a succesful emergency landing at Beirut on three engines. The incident occurred during an Israeli air attack on Syrian position along the Golan Heights.

15-9-70

DC-8-62

I-DIWZ

New York

ldg

none

Following a localizer only approach to runway 4R the aircraft touched down very hard and then veered off the left side of the runway. The DC-8 ground looped,tearing off the undercarriage and causing the fuselage to fail aft of the wing. The accident happened in daylight but in poor weather,scattered cloud at 600 ft,overcast at 800ft,visibility four miles in fog.The aircraft had been high on the approach and had passed over the middle marker some 400 ft above the normal glide slope. It would appear that when the aircraft broke cloud,the crew suddenly realised that they were too high and elected to use reverse thrust to slow the aircraft and increase its rate of desent in an attempt to complete the landing.

The NTSB determined that the probable cause of the accident was the use of reverse thrust in flight contrary to published procedures with a resultant incorrectable very high sink rate.

The captain's decision to use reverse thrust rather than execute a go-around was a reaction under stress caused,at least in part,by ATC instructions which positioned the aircraft too high and too close to the runway. (STEEP APP AND HARD LDG)

 

5.5.72

DC-8-43

I-DIWB

Palermo

app

7 crew 108 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it flew into the side of a hill whilst positioning for an approach to Punta Raisi Airport,Palermo. The accident apparently happened in darkness and in poor weather. The accident was reportedly attributed to the failure of the DC-8's crew to follow normal approach procedures. (CFIT)

 

23.12.78

DC-9-32

I-DIKQ

Palermo

app

5 crew 103 pax

During the final stage of a VOR/DME approach to runway 21 at Punta Raisi Airport,the aircraft undeshot,impacting the surface of the sea some 3 nm short of runway threshold. The accident happened in darkness and in poor weather,cloud 4/8 at 2500ft,visibility 10 km in rain. The accident was subsequently attributed to the failure of the crew to follow the correct approach procedure. (CFIT)

 

7.1.80

DC-9-32

I-DIKB

Fiumicino

n/a

none

The aircraft was destroyed when it caught fire and was burnt out whilst undergoing a C-check in hangar n.2. The fire apparently broke out shortly after the APU fuel shut off valve, located in the right wheel well,had been removed. The fire originated in the wheel well and quickly spread to the aircraft’s cabin which was completely gutted.

 

14.11.90

DC-9-32

I-ATJA

Zurich

app

6 crew 40 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it flew into the north-western slope of Mt.Stadelberg whilst carrying out an ILS approach to runway 14 at Kloten Airport,Zurich. The impact point was at the 537 mt msl, about 100 mt below the summit of the mountain,on the extended centreline of the runway some five miles from the airport. The point of impact is some 300 mt below the glide path.Prior to the crash the flight had apparently been proceeding routinely with no indication of any problem. The accident happened in darkness (20.31 LT). Weather:visibility 10 km in rain,wind 5-10 kt,cloud 3/8 at 1000 ft, 8/8 at 2500 ft. (CFIT)

 

17.12.91

DC-9-32

I-RIBN

Warsaw

ldg

none

On landing on runway 33,after touch down the aircraft began to veer to one side and,after about 200 mt, ran off the side of the runway onto the grass. The DC-9 continued across the grass parallel to the runway for several hundred meters until eventually the nose undercarriage was torn off. The aircraft sustained substantial damage to its nose and forward fuselage but there were no reports of serious injuries. The accident happened in darkness on completion of a schedule service from Rome. (OVERRUN)

 

24.5.69

FokkerF-27

I-ATIT

Reggio Calabria

ldg

1 pax

During the final stage of a visual approach to Menniti Airport,the crew apparently misjudged the aircraft height and allowed the descent to continue below the normal approach path as the flight crossed the S.Agata river. The F-27 subsequently undershot and struck the river embankment just short of the runway sustaining substantial damage to the undercarriage and rear fuselage. The accident happened in day light and in fine weather. (UNDERSHOOT)

 

16.4.72

Fokker F-27

I-ATIP

Frosinone

cruise

3 crew 15 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it crashed in an area of high ground whilst en route from Rome to Foggia. The accident happened in darkness and in poor weather with local thunderstorm activity.

 

30.10.72

Fokker F-27

I-ATIR

Bari

des

3 crew 24 pax

The aircraft was destroyed when it flew into high ground whilst en route from Naples to Bari. The accident happened at night. (CFIT)

 

16.4.76

DC-9-32

I-ATJA

Palermo

ldg

none

Touched down at an estimated speed of 205 kt,950 mt beyond the runway threshold, was unable to stop on the remaining runway and overran coming to rest 160 mt beyond the end. (FAST APP & OVERRUN)

Lo stesso velivolo sarà in servizio il 14-11-90 sul volo Milano-Zurigo.

 

14.9.79

DC-9-32

I-ATJC

Cagliari

app

4 crew 27 pax

The DC-9 was destroyed when it flew into a mountain ridge some 9 miles SW of Cagliari at an elevation of 2000 ft. Whilst inbound to Cagliari ,after radar contact,the pilot reportedly elected not to follow the published NDB approach procedure and instead began a let down to the west apparently in order to avoid local thunderstorm activity. The accident occurred at night. (CFIT)

 

15.1.80

DC-9-32

I-ATIY

Naples

ldg

none

Substantially damaged as the result of a hard landing. (HARD LDG)

 

15.10.87

ATR-42

I-ATRH

Conca di Crezzo

climb

3 crew 34 pax

Whilst approaching its enroute altitude of 16000 ft some 16 minutes after departure from Milan on a flight to Cologne, the pilot suddenly declared an emergency. This was the last contact with the aircraft which lost height and crashed into the slopes of Mt.Crezzo. The accident happened at night and in severe icing conditions. According to press reports,as the aircraft neared the top of its climb, its airspeed was allowed to fall below 150 kt,which is apparently the minimum airspeed for operation in icing conditions,the stall warning sounded and despite the operation of the stick pusher,control was lost. The crew failed to regain control of the ATR-42 and it entered a steep inverted dive which continued until impact with the ground.

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